Validation of a Genomic Risk Classifier to Predict Prostate Cancer-specific Mortality in Men with Adverse Pathologic Features

BackgroundRisk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) is highly variable for men with adverse pathologic features at radical prostatectomy (RP); a majority will die of other causes. Accurately stratifying PCSM risk can improve therapy decisions.ObjectiveValidate the 22 gene Decipher genomic classifier (GC) to predict PCSM in men with adverse pathologic features after RP.Design, setting, and participantsMen with adverse pathologic features: pT3, pN1, positive margins, or Gleason score >7 who underwent RP in 1987-2010 at Johns Hopkins, Cleveland Clinic, Mayo Clinic, and Durham Veteran's Affairs Hospital. We also analyzed subgroups at high risk (prostate-specific antigen >20 ng/ml, RP Gleason score 8-10, or stage >pT3b), or very high risk of PCSM (biochemical recurrence in<2 yr [BCR2], or men who developed metastasis after RP [MET]).Outcome measurements and statistical analysisLogistic regression evaluated the association of GC with PCSM within 10 yr of RP (PCSM10), adjusted for the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Postsurgical Score (CAPRA-S). GC performance was evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curves.Results and limitationsFive hundred and sixty-one men (112 with PCSM10), median follow-up 13.0 yr (patients without PCSM10). For high GC score (> 0.6) versus low-intermediate (≤ 0.6), the odds ratio for PCSM10 adjusted for CAPRA-S was 3.91 (95% confidence interval: 2.43-6.29), with AUC=0.77, an increase of 0.04 compared with CAPRA-S. Subgroup odds ratios were 3.96, 3.06, and 1.95 for high risk, BCR2, or MET, respectively (all p<0.05), with AUCs 0.64-0.72. GC stratified cumulative PCSM10 incidence from 2.8% to 30%. Combined use of case-control and cohort data is a potential limitation.ConclusionsIn a large cohort with the longest follow-up to date, Decipher GC demonstrated clinically important prediction of PCSM at 10 yr, independent of CAPRA-S, in men with adverse pathologic features, BCR2, or MET after RP.Patient summaryDecipher genomic classifier may improve treatment decision-making for men with adverse or high risk pathology after radical prostatectomy

Validation of a Genomic Classifier for Predicting Post-Prostatectomy Recurrence in a Community Based Health Care Setting.

PURPOSE: We determined the value of Decipher®, a genomic classifier, to predict prostate cancer outcomes among patients after prostatectomy in a community health care setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the experience of 224 men treated with radical prostatectomy from 1997 to 2009 at Kaiser Permanente Northwest, a large prepaid health plan in Portland, Oregon. Study subjects had aggressive prostate cancer with at least 1 of several criteria such as preoperative prostate specific antigen 20 ng/ml or greater, pathological Gleason score 8 or greater, stage pT3 disease or positive surgical margins at prostatectomy. The primary end point was clinical recurrence or metastasis after surgery evaluated using a time dependent c-index. Secondary end points were biochemical recurrence and salvage treatment failure. We compared the performance of Decipher alone to the widely used CAPRA-S (Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Post-Surgical) score, and assessed the independent contributions of Decipher, CAPRA-S and their combination for the prediction of recurrence and treatment failure. RESULTS: Of the 224 patients treated 12 experienced clinical recurrence, 68 had biochemical recurrence and 34 experienced salvage treatment failure. At 10 years after prostatectomy the recurrence rate was 2.6% among patients with low Decipher scores but 13.6% among those with high Decipher scores (p=0.02). When CAPRA-S and Decipher scores were considered together, the discrimination accuracy of the ROC curve was increased by 0.11 compared to the CAPRA-S score alone (combined c-index 0.84 at 10 years after radical prostatectomy) for clinical recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Decipher improves our ability to predict clinical recurrence in prostate cancer and adds precision to conventional pathological prognostic measures

Phase I Study of Safety and Pharmacokinetics of RO7297089, an Anti-BCMA/CD16a Bispecific Antibody, in Patients with Relapsed, Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Abstract Introduction This phase 1 trial assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity of RO7297089, an anti-BCMA/CD16a bispecific antibody. Methods RO7297089 was administered weekly by intravenous infusion to patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. The starting dose was 60 mg in this dose-escalation study utilizing a modified continual reassessment method with overdose control model. Results Overall, 27 patients were treated at doses between 60 and 1850 mg. The maximally administered dose was 1850 mg due to excipients in the formulation that did not allow for higher doses to be used. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. The most common adverse events irrespective of grade and relationship to the drug were anemia, infusion-related reaction, and thrombocytopenia. Most common treatment-related grade ≥ 3 toxicities were ALT/AST increase and reduced lymphocyte count. Pharmacokinetic studies suggested non-linear pharmacokinetics and target-mediated drug disposition, with a trend of approaching linear pharmacokinetics at doses of 1080 mg and higher. Partial response was observed in two patients (7%), minimal response in two patients (7%), and stable disease in 14 patients (52%). Conclusions RO7297089 was well tolerated at doses up to 1850 mg, and the efficacy data supported activity of RO7297089 in multiple myeloma. Combination with other agents may further enhance its potential as an innate immune cell engager in multiple myeloma. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04434469; Registered June 16, 2020; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04434469

Clinical and genomic characterization of low-prostate-specific antigen, high-grade prostate cancer

59 Background: The consequences of a low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in high-grade (Gleason 8-10) prostate cancer are unknown. We sought to evaluate the clinical implications and genomic features of this entity. Methods: Clinical and transcriptomic data from 626,057 patients with N0M0 prostate cancer were collected from two national cohorts and a large transcriptome database. Multivariable Fine-Gray and Cox regressions analyzed prostate-cancer specific mortality (PCSM) and all-cause mortality, respectively. GRID data were used to analyze transcriptomic features. Results: For Gleason 8-10 disease, the distribution of PCSM was U-shaped by PSA (PSA 4.1-10.0 ng/mL = referent), with adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 2.70 for PSA ≤2.5 ng/mL (P 20.0 ng/mL, respectively. In contrast, distribution of PCSM by PSA was linear for Gleason ≤7 with AHR 0.41 for PSA ≤2.5 ng/mL (P = 0.127) versus 1.38, 2.28, and 4.61 for PSA 2.6-4.0, 10.1-20.0, and > 20.0 ng/mL, respectively (PGleason*PSA interaction 2.5 ng/mL (AHR 2.15, P = 0.009; 47-month PCSM 13.8% versus 4.9%). Among Gleason 8-10 patients treated with definitive radiotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was associated with a survival benefit for PSA > 2.5 ng/mL (AHR 0.87, P 2.5 ng/mL (P = 0.046), with no such relationship for Gleason ≤7. Conclusions: Low-PSA, high-grade prostate cancer appears to be a unique entity that has a very high risk for PCSM, potentially responds poorly to ADT, and is associated with neuroendocrine genomic features